Both extreme heat and cold increase the mortality risk for people with heart failure, a large multinational study found. Extreme cold poses a higher risk than extreme heat, and this is linked to how temperature extremes stress the cardiovascular system, affecting blood vessels, inflammation, and clotting.
Effects of extreme heat
- Increases the risk of death for those with heart failure.
- Strains the body, which can increase cardiovascular risks.
- Contributes to cardiovascular deaths, especially in combination with cardiovascular disease.
Effects of extreme cold
- Poses a greater mortality risk than extreme heat for people with heart failure.
- Increases the risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular events.
- Can make angina symptoms worse or more frequent.
- Increases the risk of infection.
Why this happens
- Physiological stress: Extreme temperatures put a strain on the body’s systems, including the cardiovascular system.
- Blood vessel and clotting changes: Exposure to cold can affect blood vessels and clotting.
- Autonomic nervous system: Environmental stressors like heat and cold can influence the nervous system, increasing risks for heart attacks and strokes.
- Metabolic and fluid balance: Extreme temperatures challenge the body’s ability to maintain metabolic processes and fluid balance, which is particularly difficult for those with heart failure.
What can be done
- Avoid strenuous activity in extreme weather: Especially avoid heavy work outdoors in hot weather, and be mindful of your limitations in the cold.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water, particularly in hot weather, and avoid excessive sugary drinks and alcohol.
- Dress appropriately: Wear layers to stay warm in cold weather.
- Know the warning signs: Be aware of symptoms like chest tightness, especially when engaging in activity in cold weather. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms are severe.
- Talk to a doctor: Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized health advice.